The phenomenon, known as nocturia, becomes more common with age. But cutting back on water before bed may not solve the problem. Urologists explain what nocturia is, why your body may produce more urine at night and why wearing compression socks may help.
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Agreement: I Agree Body: Dear Editor The ongoing Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is intensifying, with sustained transmission and continued increases in reported cases and deaths.[1] Community engagement remains a major challenge, reflected in profound community mistrust, anger, fears, and social disruption in affected communities, including attacks on healthcare facilities and burning of treatment centers in eastern DRC.[2-4] Such events reflect a major interplay of insecurity, misinformation, and deficits in trust between communities, health systems, and outbreak response teams, underscoring the need to understand and fully integrate the socio-cultural and behavioural factors into outbreak responses.[3] At a time when no specific medical countermeasures are available for BVD, social science should complement the traditional core pillars of epidemic preparedness and response by generating evidence on community perception, behaviour, expectations, experiences, and barriers to care. Such evidence can inform community engagement, social and behavioral change, risk communication, social mobilization, and psychosocial support to the affected community.[4,5] Thus, five complementary actions could strengthen Bundibugyo outbreak preparedness and response. First, fully integrate social science as a core component of Bundibugyo outbreak operations, resource allocation, and preparedness planning alongside epidemiological and virological approaches. Second, incorporate socio-cultural and behavioural data into routine outbreak intelligence alongside epidemiological and virological data, enabling decision-makers to develop context-adapted outbreak responses. Third, collect and analyse socio-cultural and behavioural evidence from the onset of an outbreak to identify evolving perceptions, expectations, misinformation, and barriers to care, enabling timely adaptation of response strategies. Fourth, actively involve local leaders and community representatives in generating and interpreting social science evidence to ensure that findings reflect local socio-cultural contexts, perceptions, and behaviors. Fifth, ground the social science approach in shared responsibility and accountability with affected communities, enabling social scientists and community representatives to jointly generate evidence, while ensuring that the community can articulate their concerns, priorities, expectations, and experiences. Social science should therefore be fully recognized and operationalized as a core component of Bundibugyo outbreak response. Its evidence should be integrated with the epidemiological and virological intelligence to support a more responsive, accessible, trusted, context-adapted response, both during the current outbreak and in future preparedness planning. Bibliography 1. World Health Organization, Ebola disease caused by Bundibugyo virus - Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 1, 2026, https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON614?u... , Accessed August 24, 2026. 2. BBC News, Angry crowd sets Ebola hospital tents on fire in DR Congo, May 22, 2026, https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8p2g8yp8do , Accessed August 24, 2026. 3. Alimuddin Z, Jean B, Francince N, et al., Rebuilding community trust after attacks on Ebola treatment facilities in DRC: lessons from previous epidemics, International Journal of Infectious Disease, 2026;170, 108837. 4. Kevin L, Daniel H, Sharon A, et al., Integrating the social sciences in epidemic preparedness and response: A strategic framework to strengthen capacities and improve Global Health security, Globalization and Health, 2020;16:120. 5. World Health Organization, Strengthening the Bundibugyo virus disease response through community evidence, August 11, 2026, https://www.who.int/news/item/11-08-2026-strengthening-the-bundibugyo-vi... , Accessed August 25, 2026. No competing Interests: Yes The following competing Interests: Electronic Publication Date: Tuesday, October 6, 2026 - 15:11 AI use: Yes I have used AI AI use details: AI was used to improve spelling and grammar Highwire Comment Subject: How a legacy of mistrust in DRC has led to 17 Ebola outbreaks in 50 years Workflow State: Released Full Title: Make social science an operational pillar of the Bundibugyo outbreak response Highwire Comment Response to: How a legacy of mistrust in DRC has led to 17 Ebola outbreaks in 50 years Check this box if you would like your letter to appear anonymously:: Last Name: Adripio First name and middle initial: Benjamin Mungufeni Email: fenybencard.5@gmail.com Address: Bunia Occupation: Post-graduate student Affiliation: 1. University of Bunia, Bunia, Congo, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; 2. University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Science; BMJ: Additional Article Info: Rapid response
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